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CBSE Class 12 Biology syllabus 2026-27
The CBSE Class 12 Biology syllabus for 2026-27 has 6 units and 14 chapters. The units are Reproduction, Genetics and Evolution, Biology and Human Welfare, Biotechnology and its Applications, Ecology and Environment and Formative assessment only. This outline was checked against the official Central Board of Secondary Education document on 2 October 2026. Rate how clear each chapter feels and the planner suggests what to revise first.
Academic session 2026-27 / Official source checked / 2026-10-02
Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower, gametophytes, pollination and pollen-pistil interaction, Double fertilisation, seed/fruit development, apomixis, parthenocarpy and polyembryony
Human Reproduction
Reproductive systems, gametogenesis and menstrual cycle, Fertilisation, development, implantation, pregnancy, birth and lactation
Reproductive Health
Sexually transmitted diseases, contraception and reproductive healthcare, Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies, introductory awareness
Genetics and Evolution
Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Mendelian inheritance, deviations, chromosomes and linkage, Sex determination, sex-linked inheritance and genetic disorders
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Genetic material, DNA/RNA, packaging and replication, Transcription, translation, genetic code and lac operon, Genome projects and DNA fingerprinting
Evolution
Origin of life, evidence, Darwinism and natural selection, Gene flow, drift, Hardy-Weinberg principle and human evolution
Biology and Human Welfare
Human Health and Diseases
Pathogens, common diseases and prevention, Immunity, vaccines, cancer, HIV/AIDS and substance misuse awareness
Microbes in Human Welfare
Food and industrial production, sewage treatment and energy, Biocontrol, biofertilisers and responsible antibiotic use
Biotechnology and its Applications
Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
Genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology
Biotechnology and its Applications
Health and agriculture applications; insulin, vaccines, gene therapy and Bt crops, Transgenic animals, biosafety, biopiracy and patents
Ecology and Environment
Organisms and Populations
Population interactions and attributes; growth, birth and death rates
Ecosystem
Components, productivity, decomposition and energy flow, Ecological pyramids of number, biomass and energy
Biodiversity and its Conservation
Patterns, importance, biodiversity loss and conservation, Hotspots, protected areas, Red Data Book and Ramsar sites
Formative assessment only
Environmental Issues
Pollution, wastes, greenhouse effect, ozone loss and deforestation; formative only
The full guide on one page
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What is in the CBSE Class 12 Biology syllabus for 2026-27?
| Unit | Marks | Chapters |
|---|---|---|
| Reproduction | 16 | Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants; Human Reproduction; Reproductive Health |
| Genetics and Evolution | 20 | Principles of Inheritance and Variation; Molecular Basis of Inheritance; Evolution |
| Biology and Human Welfare | 12 | Human Health and Diseases; Microbes in Human Welfare |
| Biotechnology and its Applications | 12 | Biotechnology: Principles and Processes; Biotechnology and its Applications |
| Ecology and Environment | 10 | Organisms and Populations; Ecosystem; Biodiversity and its Conservation |
| Formative assessment only | Not listed | Environmental Issues |
Official source checked. Last checked .
Which careers and entrance exams use Biology?
Careers whose routes ask for this subject
- Doctor, MBBS pathway
Study health, assess patients within your training and work with a healthcare team.
- Medical laboratory technologist
Run laboratory tests on patient samples with quality checks and careful records, so clinicians receive reliable results.
- Nurse
Provide nursing care, observe changes and communicate within a healthcare team.
- Physiotherapist
Help people recover, maintain or improve movement and everyday function through assessment, exercise and planned rehabilitation, as part of a healthcare team.
- Radiographer
Carry out X-ray and other imaging examinations safely and accurately, so clinicians can use clear images to understand a person's health.
- Veterinarian
Examine, diagnose and treat animals, and help caretakers and farmers keep animals healthy and safe.
Entrance exams whose syllabus includes this subject
- BITSAT
Admission to specified first-degree programmes using a computer-based test.
- ICAR admission through CUET UG
Agricultural university admission through relevant CUET UG subject tests and ICAR counselling. This is not a separate AIEEA UG test.
- NEET UG
A national medical entrance examination used for MBBS, BDS and specified other health-course admissions.
Where is the official CBSE Class 12 Biology syllabus?
- Curriculum for the Academic Year 2026-27, Central Board of Secondary Education, Academic Unit, accessed
- CBSE Class 12 Biology curriculum 2026-27, Central Board of Secondary Education, accessed
Official sample and previous-year papers for this subject are in the Official papers step of the planner above.
Prepared by the Disha Stars team from the sources listed here. Check the latest official notice before you apply.